Background
Remote healthcare delivery has emerged as an effective tool for managing health outcomes, but its design and implementation often overlook the needs and preferences of older adults. The primary aim of this modified Delphi process was to develop consumer consensus on preferences for remote assessment and management of physical function.
Methods
Research experts (DS, CH, JF, PJ and RMD) co-developed the Round 1 Delphi survey with two consumer experts (RD and PK). This online survey was advertised to consumers (adults aged ≥60 years) via international clinical and research networks, and social media, between August and November 2023. The survey presented 23 Delphi statements for which consumers reported their level of agreement using an 11-point Likert scale (0-10; scores ≥7 indicated agreement). Statements were classified as having “strong agreement” and achieving consensus if ≥80% of consumers responded ≥7. Statements with “moderate” (70-80% of participants responded ≥7) or “low” agreement (<70% of participants responded ≥7) were revised by research experts, or rejected. Consumers were presented with the revised statements in Round 2 (January to February 2024).
Results
A total of 654 consumers (mean±SD age 69.0±6.0 years; 75.7% female) from 15 countries (five continents) provided complete responses in Round 1. Of 23 statements, 13 were accepted to have achieved consensus with the strongest agreement observed for statements relating to the importance of physical function for quality of life and performing activities of daily living (6 statements; agreement: 97.6-99.5%). Two statements regarding concerns about privacy and security when using technology (agreement: 20.8%) and inability to perform physical function assessments or exercise in the home (agreement: 15.5%) were rejected with low agreement. The remaining eight statements (agreement 49.5-79.5%) were revised into seven new statements, and 526 (80.4%) consumers from Round 1 provided complete responses in Round 2. Five of seven Round 2 statements were accepted with strong agreement (agreement: 80.0-82.7%), including the importance of addressing personal preferences for self- versus clinician-led remote interventions, and availability of necessary resources (e.g. technology and exercise equipment).
Conclusions
Consensus on 18 statements related to remote assessment and management of physical function indicates that older adults recognise physical function as a health priority, would value more information about it, and are willing to participate in remote assessment and management interventions (including via digital health) to maintain or improve it. The consensus statements reinforce that interventions should be easily accessible and address the varied personal preferences of consumers.